Definition(s) Persecution that targets or disproportionately affects a particular gender. Source(s) Derived by EMN from UNHCR Master Glossary of Terms and UNHCR: Gender-related persecution within the context of Article 1(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, May 2002. Translations BG: преследване, основано на пола CS: pronásledování na základě genderové příslušnosti DE: Verfolgung aufgrund des Geschlechts / geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung EL: δίωξη λόγω φύλου EN: gender-based persecution ES: Persecución por razón de género ET: sooline tagakiusamine FI: sukupuolistunut väkivalta / sukupuoliperusteinen väkivalta FR: persécution fondée sur le genre GA: géarleanúint ar bhonn inscne HR: rodno utemeljen progon HU: nemi hovatartozáson alapuló üldöztetés IT: persecuzione di genere LT: persekiojimas lyties pagrindu LV: dzimumspecifiska vajāšana MT: Persekuzzjoni marbuta mal-ġeneru NL: gendergerelateerde vervolging PL: prześladowanie ze względu na płeć PT: perseguição com base no género RO: persecuție pe bază de gen SK: prenasledovanie z dôvodu rodovej príslušnosti SL: preganjanje na podlagi spola SV: könsrelaterad förföljelse NO: kjønnsbasert forfolgelse (b); kjønnsbasert forfølging (n) KA: გენდერული ნიშნით დევნა UK: переслідування за гендерною ознакою HY: սեռի պատճառով հալածանք Synonym(s) gender-related persecution gender-specific persecution Narrower Term(s) gender-specific violence Related Term(s) female genital mutilation gender social group Note(s) 1. Gender-based persecution is a term that has no legal meaning per se. It is used to encompass the range of different claims in which gender is a relevant consideration in the determination of refugee status . Gender-related claims may be brought by either women or men, although they are more commonly brought by women. 2. Although gender is not specifically referenced as one of the grounds on which an individual can be recognized as a refugee and given protection, it is widely accepted that it can influence or dictate the reasons for persecution and as such there is no need to add an additional ground to the Refugee Convention definition. A gender-sensitive interpretation should be given to each of the Convention grounds 'race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion' although gender-based persecution is predominantly interpreted within the parameters of the particular social group ground.
