Conclusion Paper: "Children and the Hybridised Threat of Online Radicalisation: Safeguarding in the Digital Age"

On 17–18 September 2025, the third meeting of the Thematic Panel on New Technologies and the Online Dimension (TP3) convened under the title “Children and the Hybridised Threat of Online Radicalisation: Safeguarding in the Digital Age.” The gathering explored the escalating convergence of online harm, violent extremism, and child exploitation, with a specific focus on the radicalisation of children in digital environments. Day one centred on the hybrid nature of online threats as they affect children, examining how ideological manipulation, sexual coercion, and other forms of exploitation increasingly intersect across platforms. Discussions underscored the use of hybrid tactics, blending online subcultures, Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM), and Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content (TVEC), to target children1, reinforcing the urgency of cross-sector collaboration and multidisciplinary engagement. Day two shifted toward solutions and spotlighting current and emerging interventions to protect children from online harm.