Definition(s)
A repetition of legal migration by the same person between two or more countries.
Source(s)
European Commission Communication on Circular Migration and Mobility Partnerships, COM(2007) 248.
Translations
- BG: циркулярна миграция
- CS: cirkulární migrace
- DE: zirkuläre Migration
- EL: κυκλική μετανάστευση
- EN: circular migration
- ES: migración circular
- ET: korduvränne
- FI: kiertomuutto
- FR: migration circulaire
- GA: imirce chiorclach
- HR: kružne migracije
- HU: körkörös migráció
- IT: migrazione circolare
- LT: apykaitinė migracija
- LV: cirkulārā migrācija
- MT: Migrazzjoni ċirkolari
- NL: circulaire migratie
- PL: migracja cyrkulacyjna
- PT: migração circular
- RO: migraţie circulară
- SK: okružná migrácia / cirkulárna migrácia
- SL: krožna migracija
- SV: cirkulär migration
- NO: sirkulær migrasjon
- KA: ცირკულარული მიგრაცია
- UK: циркулярна міграція
- HY: շրջանառու միգրացիա
Related Term(s)
- brain circulation
- brain drain
- brain gain
- contract migrant worker
- diaspora
- mobility partnership
- seasonal worker
Note(s)
The two main forms of circular migration which could be most relevant in the EU context are:
(a) circular migration of third-country nationals settled in the EU.
This category of circular migration gives people the opportunity to engage in an activity (business, professional, voluntary or other) in their country of origin while retaining their main residence in one of the EU Member States. This covers various groups, e.g.:
- business persons working in the EU and wishing to start an activity in their country of origin (or in another third country); and
- doctors, professors or other professionals willing to support their country of origin by conducting part of their professional activity there.
(b) circular migration of persons residing in a third country.
Circular migration could create an opportunity for persons residing in a third country to come to the EU temporarily for work, study, training or a combination of these, on the condition that, at the end of the period for which they were granted entry, they must re-establish their main residence and their main activity in their country of origin. Circularity can be enhanced by giving migrants the possibility, once they have returned, to retain some form of privileged mobility to and from the EU Member States where they were formerly residing, for example in the form of simplified admission / re-entry procedures. This category covers a wide array of situations, spanning the whole spectrum of migrants, including:
- third-country nationals wishing to work temporarily in the EU, e.g. in seasonal employment;
- third-country nationals wishing to study or train in Europe before returning to their country;
- third-country nationals who, after having completed their studies, wish to be employed in the EU (e.g. as trainees) to acquire professional experience which is difficult to obtain at home, before returning;
- third-country researchers wishing to carry out a research project in the EU;
- third-country nationals who wish to take part in intercultural people-to-people exchanges and other activities in the field of culture, active citizenship, education and youth (such as, for example, training courses, seminars, events, study visits);
- third-country nationals who wish to carry out an unremunerated voluntary service pursuing objectives of general interest in the EU.