Description
The article analyses the development of counter-terrorism (CT) and prevention of radicalisation (PCVE) policies in Belgium, France, Spain, and the Netherlands between 2005 and 2020. It shows a shift from mainly “hard” security measures toward more “soft”, preventive approaches focused on reducing radicalisation. France and Belgium relied longer on traditional counter-terrorism, while Spain and especially the Netherlands developed more advanced preventive strategies. The study highlights the importance of coordination between institutions, local involvement, and addressing social and ideological drivers of extremism. Overall, effective counter-terrorism requires a balanced, comprehensive approach combining security measures with prevention and deradicalization efforts.
Related topic
Evaluation in PCVE